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Changes in voice – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Changes in voice – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Changes in voice, also known as dysphonia or hoarseness, refer to any alteration in the normal quality, pitch, loudness, or resonance of the voice. These changes can range from mild hoarseness to a complete loss of voice. While occasional voice changes due to a cold or overuse are common, persistent or recurring changes warrant medical evaluation.

Several factors can cause changes in voice:

• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), often caused by viral infections, overuse, or acid reflux.
• Vocal Cord Nodules/Polyps: Benign growths on the vocal cords, often due to vocal strain or overuse.
• Vocal Cord Paralysis: Paralysis of one or both vocal cords, which can be caused by nerve damage, surgery, or tumors.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus can irritate the larynx and cause hoarseness.
• Smoking: Irritates the vocal cords and increases the risk of laryngeal cancer.
• Allergies: Can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and larynx, leading to voice changes.
• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid can sometimes cause hoarseness.
• Laryngeal Cancer: A less common but serious cause of persistent hoarseness.

Diagnosing the cause of voice changes involves a medical history, physical examination, and potentially some tests:

• Laryngoscopy: A procedure where a scope is inserted into the larynx to visualize the vocal cords.
• Stroboscopy: A specialized technique that uses a strobe light to visualize vocal cord vibration.
• Biopsy: If a growth or abnormality is seen, a biopsy may be taken for further examination.
• Imaging Tests (CT scan, MRI): May be used to visualize the larynx and surrounding structures, especially if a tumor is suspected.

Treatment for voice changes depends on the underlying cause:

• Rest: Vocal rest is often recommended for laryngitis or vocal cord strain.
• Voice Therapy: A speech-language pathologist can teach techniques to improve vocal cord function and reduce strain.
• Medications: May be prescribed for GERD, allergies, or other conditions.
• Surgery: May be necessary to remove vocal cord nodules or polyps, or to treat laryngeal cancer.

It’s important to consult a doctor if you experience persistent hoarseness, especially if it lasts for more than a few weeks, or if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, ear pain, or a lump in the neck. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the underlying condition and preventing complications.

Related Treatments

• Laryngitis and Voice Disorders