At Emirates Hospitals Group, The ‘butterfly rash,’ scientifically known as a malar rash, stands out as a hallmark cutaneous manifestation frequently observed in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and chronic autoimmune disorder. In SLE, the body’s intricate immune system, which typically defends against external threats like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly identifies the body’s own healthy tissues and organs as foreign invaders. This misdirected immune response triggers a cascade of inflammation throughout the body, potentially affecting various systems, including the skin. The characteristic butterfly rash emerges as a result of this inflammatory process specifically targeting the skin on the face. While the precise mechanisms underlying its development are still being investigated, it is strongly believed that a combination of an individual’s genetic makeup, exposure to certain environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, infections, and even some medications, alongside hormonal influences, plays a significant role in the onset and progression of this multifaceted autoimmune condition and its associated skin symptoms.
Causes: The exact cause of SLE is unknown, but it’s believed to arise from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental triggers (like UV exposure, infections, and certain medications), and hormonal factors. In SLE, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues and organs, leading to inflammation. The butterfly rash specifically is thought to be triggered or worsened by sun exposure, causing inflammation in the skin of the cheeks and bridge of the nose.
Diagnosis: The butterfly rash is a key clinical observation that can prompt suspicion of lupus. It typically presents as a red or purplish rash across the cheeks and nose, resembling the shape of a butterfly. However, the rash alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. Doctors consider a combination of factors, including medical history, other symptoms (like fatigue, joint pain, and fever), physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests, such as the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test and tests for specific autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm), are often used. A skin biopsy of the rash may also be performed to aid diagnosis and rule out other conditions like rosacea.
Treatment: There is no cure for lupus, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing flares. For the butterfly rash, treatment options include topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine which can improve skin lesions and protect against UV sensitivity, and sun protection measures such as sunscreen and protective clothing. Systemic medications that suppress the immune system may be necessary if the rash is severe or associated with other lupus symptoms. Treatment plans are individualized based on the extent and severity of the disease.
Related Treatments
Similar Symptoms
Request an appointment
Please complete the details and we will book you shortly.