Changes in weight – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Changes in weight – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Changes in weight, whether intentional or unintentional, can be a significant indicator of underlying health status. While minor fluctuations due to everyday factors are normal, unexplained or significant weight gain or loss, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, warrants medical attention. A change of 5% or more of body weight within a short period (weeks or months) without a clear explanation (like a planned diet or exercise change) should be discussed with a healthcare professional, as both weight gain and weight loss can signal underlying medical conditions.

Several factors can cause changes in weight:

• Dietary Habits: Calorie intake and food choices directly influence weight. Consuming more calories than expended leads to weight gain, while the reverse leads to weight loss.
• Physical Activity: Exercise plays a crucial role in calorie expenditure and weight management. A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to weight gain.
• Fluid Retention: Can lead to sudden weight gain, often due to conditions like heart failure or kidney disease.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or antidepressants, can cause weight gain, while others may lead to weight loss.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can cause weight gain, while hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can lead to weight loss.
• Stress and Emotional Factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can affect eating habits and lead to weight changes.
• Sleep Patterns: Poor sleep can disrupt hormones that regulate appetite and metabolism, contributing to weight gain.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: Several medical conditions can cause weight changes, including diabetes, cancer, and eating disorders.

Diagnosing the cause of weight changes involves a thorough evaluation:

• Medical History: The doctor will ask about eating habits, exercise levels, medications, and any other symptoms.
• Physical Examination: Includes measuring weight, height, and vital signs.
• Blood Tests: May be done to check thyroid function, blood sugar levels, and other indicators of health.
• Urine Tests: Can help assess kidney function.
• Other Tests: Depending on the suspected cause, further tests may be needed, such as imaging studies or specific hormone level tests.

Treatment for weight changes depends on the underlying cause:

• Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary changes, increased physical activity, and stress management techniques are often recommended.
• Medications: May be prescribed to treat underlying medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes.
• Therapy: Can be beneficial for addressing emotional factors contributing to weight changes, such as stress, anxiety, or eating disorders.
• Surgery: In some cases, such as for certain weight loss procedures or to remove tumors, surgery may be necessary.

It’s important to consult a doctor if you experience unexplained or significant weight gain or loss, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, changes in appetite, or other concerning signs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the underlying condition and preventing complications.

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