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Swollen Testicals – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Swollen Testicals – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

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Swollen Testicals – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment
Home / Swollen Testicals – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Swollen Testicals – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment at Emirates Hospital Group

Swollen testicles can be a concerning symptom with various potential causes, some requiring urgent medical attention. Understanding the possible causes, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial. This discomfort can significantly impact a man’s physical and emotional well-being. It’s important to seek professional medical advice for any testicular swelling, even if it is not initially painful. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes and to prevent potential complications.

Causes:

  • Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis (the tube at the back of the testicle), often caused by bacterial infection (including sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea).
  • Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle itself, sometimes occurring with epididymitis (epididymo-orchitis). Can be caused by bacteria, viruses (like mumps), or injury.
  • Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the testicle twists, cutting off blood supply. Causes sudden, severe pain and swelling. Requires immediate treatment.
  • Hydrocele: Fluid buildup around the testicle, causing painless swelling. Common in newborns but can occur at any age.
  • Varicocele: Enlarged veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. Can cause swelling and sometimes discomfort.
  • Hernia: A bulge of tissue pushing through a weakness in the abdominal wall can extend into the scrotum, causing swelling.
  • Testicular Cancer: A less common but serious cause of testicular swelling, often painless.
  • Injury: Trauma to the testicles can cause swelling and pain.
  • Other Infections: Less common infections can also cause testicular swelling.

Diagnosis:

  • Physical Exam: Careful examination of the scrotum, testicles, and surrounding area, noting swelling, redness, tenderness, and any other abnormalities.
  • Patient History: Gathering information about the onset of symptoms, any injuries, other medical conditions, and sexual history.
  • Ultrasound: A common imaging test to visualize the testicles and surrounding structures, helping diagnose conditions like torsion, hydrocele, or tumors.
  • Urine Tests: May be done to check for infection.
  • Blood Tests: May be done to check for infection, tumor markers, or other abnormalities.

Treatment:

  • Epididymitis/Orchitis: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Pain relievers and scrotal support can also help.
  • Testicular Torsion: Requires immediate surgical intervention to untwist the testicle and restore blood flow. Delay can lead to testicle loss.
  • Hydrocele: May resolve on its own in infants. In older individuals, surgery may be needed if the hydrocele is large or causing discomfort.
  • Varicocele: May not require treatment if asymptomatic. If painful or affecting fertility, surgery or embolization (a procedure to block the affected veins) may be considered.
  • Hernia: Surgery is typically required to repair a hernia.
  • Testicular Cancer: Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
  • Injury: Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and may involve rest, ice, pain relievers, or surgery in severe cases.

Important Considerations:

  • Seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden, severe testicular pain and swelling. This could be a sign of testicular torsion, a medical emergency.
  • Consult a healthcare professional for any testicular swelling, even if it is not painful. Early diagnosis is crucial, especially for conditions like testicular cancer.
  • Do not attempt to self-treat testicular swelling. Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

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