Pain when swallowing – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Causes:

• Infections: Strep throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or other bacterial or viral infections of the throat.
• Oral Thrush: A fungal infection in the mouth or throat.
• Canker Sores: Small, painful ulcers in the mouth.
• Acid Reflux/GERD: Stomach acid backing up into the esophagus can cause pain or a burning sensation when swallowing.
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus, often due to acid reflux, infections, or medications.
• Esophageal Strictures: Narrowing of the esophagus, which can make swallowing difficult and painful.
• Foreign Object: A lodged pill or food particle can cause pain and difficulty swallowing.
• Tumors: In rare cases, tumors in the throat or esophagus can cause pain with swallowing.

Diagnosis:

• Physical Exam: Examining the mouth, throat, and neck.
• Patient History: Understanding the onset, duration, nature of the pain, and any other symptoms.
• Swab Tests: To check for infections like strep throat or oral thrush.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans if structural problems are suspected.
• Endoscopy: A procedure using a thin tube with a camera to visualize the esophagus.

Treatment:

• Antibiotics/Antifungals: For infections.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications for pain management.
• Mouthwash/Gargles: For mouth sores or throat irritation.
• Medications for Acid Reflux: To reduce stomach acid.
• Dilation: A procedure to widen a narrowed esophagus.
• Removal of Foreign Object: If a foreign object is lodged.
• Surgery: May be necessary for tumors or certain structural problems.

Important Considerations:

• Consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe pain when swallowing.
• Difficulty breathing or severe throat swelling requires immediate medical attention.