Lump or Swelling in One or Both Testicles – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Lump or Swelling in One or Both Testicles – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

A lump or swelling in one or both testicles can result from various conditions, ranging from benign cysts to serious health concerns like testicular cancer. While some lumps are painless, others may cause discomfort, heaviness, or tenderness. Any persistent swelling or abnormal mass should be evaluated by a doctor to determine the underlying cause.

Causes of Lump or Swelling in the Testicles

• Epididymal Cysts (Spermatoceles): Fluid-filled sacs in the epididymis, usually painless and harmless.
• Hydrocele: A buildup of fluid around the testicle, causing swelling, often without pain.
• Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, which may cause a lump or aching discomfort.
• Inguinal Hernia: When part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum, causing a noticeable bulge.
• Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, often due to infections like mumps, causing swelling and pain.
• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often caused by bacterial infections or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Testicular Cancer: A firm, painless lump or swelling may indicate testicular cancer, requiring immediate medical attention.
• Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood supply, leading to sudden, severe pain and swelling.

Diagnosis of Lump or Swelling in the Testicles

Evaluation may include:

• Physical Examination: Checking the size, location, and tenderness of the lump.
• Ultrasound: Imaging to distinguish between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses.
• Blood Tests: Tumor markers may be checked if testicular cancer is suspected.
• Urine Tests: To detect infections or STIs.

Treatment for Lump or Swelling in the Testicles

Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

• Antibiotics: For bacterial infections like epididymitis or orchitis.
• Supportive Care: Pain relief, scrotal support, and ice packs for swelling.
• Surgical Intervention: Hernias, hydroceles, varicoceles, or testicular torsion may require surgery.
• Cancer Treatment: If testicular cancer is diagnosed, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy may be necessary.

Any unexplained lump or swelling in the testicles should be evaluated promptly to rule out serious conditions and ensure proper treatment.