Intestinal Blockage – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Intestinal Blockage – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

An intestinal blockage, also known as bowel obstruction, is a condition where there is a partial or complete blockage in the intestines, preventing the normal passage of food, liquids, and gas. This can lead to severe discomfort, pain, and complications if not treated promptly. Understanding the causes and available treatments is crucial for managing the condition effectively.

Causes of Intestinal Blockage

• Adhesions: Scar tissue from previous surgeries or infections can cause the intestines to stick together, leading to blockages.
• Hernias: A hernia occurs when part of the intestine pushes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, potentially causing a blockage.
• Tumors: Growths in the intestines, either benign or malignant, can obstruct the flow of food and waste.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the intestines.
• Intestinal Volvulus: This occurs when a part of the intestine twists, cutting off blood supply and leading to a blockage.
• Impacted Stool: Severe constipation can result in stool buildup, causing a blockage in the colon or rectum.
• Strictures: Narrowing of the intestines due to inflammation, scarring, or infection can obstruct bowel movements.
• Intestinal Paralysis: Conditions like diabetes, infections, or nerve damage can affect the muscles of the intestines, leading to a functional obstruction.

Diagnosis of Intestinal Blockage

Diagnosing intestinal blockage requires a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Common diagnostic steps include:

• Physical Examination and Medical History: A thorough review of symptoms, including pain, vomiting, and changes in bowel movements, helps determine the cause of the blockage.
• X-rays: An abdominal X-ray can help detect air-fluid levels or other signs of blockage in the intestines.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan provides detailed images of the abdomen and can pinpoint the location and cause of the obstruction.
• Ultrasound: In some cases, ultrasound can be used to detect certain types of blockages, particularly in the case of hernias or volvulus.
• Barium Enema: A special type of X-ray that involves the introduction of a contrast medium into the colon to identify obstructions or abnormalities.
• Endoscopy: A procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of the digestive tract and identify the cause of the blockage.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests can help detect signs of infection, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalances, which are common in cases of bowel obstruction.

Treatment for Intestinal Blockage in Dubai

By addressing the underlying cause of intestinal blockage and using a combination of conservative measures, surgery, and lifestyle changes, many patients experience relief and improved digestive function. At Emirates Hospitals Group, our team of specialists is committed to providing a personalized, effective treatment plan to manage and treat intestinal blockages, restoring your health and quality of life.

The treatment for intestinal blockage depends on its cause, severity, and the patient’s overall health. Options may include:

• Conservative Treatment:
  • Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Rehydration and correcting electrolyte imbalances through intravenous fluids are crucial to manage dehydration and restore normal function.
  • Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube): A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach to remove excess gas and fluids, relieving pressure and preventing vomiting.
  • Medications: Pain relief, anti-nausea medications, and antibiotics may be used to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
  • Bowel Rest: Avoiding food and fluids for a short period to allow the intestine to rest and recover.
• Surgical Intervention:
  • Bowel Resection: If a part of the intestine is severely damaged or necrotic, surgery may be required to remove the affected section and restore normal function.
  • Hernia Repair: Surgical correction of hernias can prevent further obstruction and restore proper intestinal function.
  • Intestinal Adhesion Surgery: In cases where adhesions are the cause of the blockage, surgery may be needed to carefully release the scar tissue and restore the bowel’s function.
  • Intestinal Volvulus Surgery: If the intestine is twisted (volvulus), surgery may be necessary to untwist the intestine and restore blood flow.
  • Stoma Creation: In severe cases where the intestines cannot be reconnected immediately, a temporary stoma (opening) may be created to divert waste until further treatment can be done.
• Minimally Invasive Procedures:
  • Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure that uses small incisions and a camera to help remove adhesions, hernias, or tumors, minimizing recovery time and complications.
• Lifestyle Modifications:
  • Dietary Adjustments: Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding foods that can exacerbate constipation or bloating can help manage and prevent some causes of bowel obstruction.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity can promote healthy bowel function and reduce the risk of conditions that may lead to intestinal blockages, such as constipation.

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