Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic condition where the body cannot respond to androgens, the male sex hormones, despite their presence. This leads to developing female physical characteristics in genetically male individuals (XY chromosome). AIS can be partial or complete, depending on the degree of resistance to androgens. At Emirates Hospitals, specialists are dedicated to providing advanced care and a personalized treatment approach for individuals with AIS. The healthcare team includes endocrinologists, geneticists, urologists, and psychologists to address both the medical and emotional aspects of the condition.
AIS presents at birth, as individuals with the condition may appear female despite having male chromosomes. In complete AIS, affected individuals typically have a female external genital appearance, though they lack functional ovaries and a uterus. Partial AIS can lead to ambiguous genitalia or a mix of male and female physical traits. The diagnosis of AIS is typically made after puberty when the individual does not experience menstruation or develop other secondary female sexual characteristics, despite having a normal female appearance.
Diagnosis for Androgen (AIS)
Diagnosis at Emirates Hospitals begins with a thorough medical examination and history. Genetic testing is conducted to confirm the presence of a mutation on the androgen receptor gene, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI are used to assess the internal reproductive organs. This comprehensive diagnostic approach allows specialists to determine the specific type of AIS and its potential impact on fertility, hormone levels, and physical development.
Treatment for Androgen (AIS)
Treatment for AIS at Emirates Hospitals is highly individualized. In the case of complete AIS, management often includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to support the development of secondary female sexual characteristics. Surgery may also be considered to remove the nonfunctional testes, which are often located in the abdomen, to reduce the risk of cancer. For individuals with partial AIS, the treatment approach may vary, focusing on hormone management, surgery, and fertility counseling if desired. Psychological support is also crucial, as patients may experience challenges related to gender identity, body image, and social integration.
Emirates Hospitals also offer fertility preservation options for individuals with AIS who wish to have biological children. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can help individuals with AIS explore their reproductive options in the future.
Treatment Options for Androgen (AIS)
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): To support the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
- Surgical Intervention: Removal of nonfunctional testes and potential genital reconstructive surgery.
- Psychological Support: Counseling to address gender identity and emotional well-being.
- Fertility Preservation: Options for those wishing to explore reproductive options in the future.
Frequently Asked Questions
AIS is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene, which impair the body’s ability to respond to male hormones (androgens) during fetal development.
AIS is typically diagnosed after puberty when there is a lack of menstruation or secondary female sexual characteristics, despite a female external appearance.
Yes, Emirates Hospitals provide a multidisciplinary approach to managing AIS, including hormone therapy, surgery, and psychological counseling.
While fertility is often affected in AIS, options like assisted reproductive technologies (IVF) may be available for those wishing to explore reproductive possibilities.
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