Varicose Veins in the Esophagus or Stomach – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Varicose Veins in the Esophagus or Stomach – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

At Emirates Hospitals Group, we understand that varicose veins in the esophagus or stomach, known as esophageal and gastric varices, are serious conditions that require prompt medical attention. These swollen veins develop due to increased pressure in the portal vein system, most commonly as a result of liver disease. If left untreated, they can rupture, leading to life-threatening bleeding. Early diagnosis and management are essential for preventing complications.

Causes of Varicose Veins in the Esophagus or Stomach

Esophageal and gastric varices develop due to portal hypertension, which occurs when blood flow through the liver is obstructed, leading to increased pressure in the veins. Common causes include:

• Liver Cirrhosis – Scarring of the liver from chronic conditions such as:
  • Hepatitis B or C infection.
  • Alcoholic liver disease.
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  • Autoimmune or genetic liver diseases.
• Portal Vein Thrombosis – A blood clot blocking the portal vein can increase venous pressure.
• Schistosomiasis – A parasitic infection that affects the liver and leads to portal hypertension.
• Congestive Heart Failure – Can cause increased pressure in the veins, leading to varices.
• Budd-Chiari Syndrome – A rare condition in which blood flow from the liver is obstructed, leading to vein enlargement.

Symptoms of Esophageal and Gastric Varices

Varices may not cause symptoms unless they rupture. When bleeding occurs, symptoms may include:

• Vomiting blood (hematemesis).
• Black, tarry stools (melena).
• Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting due to blood loss.
• Abdominal pain or swelling (ascites).
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) in cases of advanced liver disease.

Diagnosis of Esophageal and Gastric Varices

A thorough evaluation at Emirates Hospitals Group is necessary to detect varices before they rupture. Diagnostic methods may include:

• Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy – EGD) – The primary method for visualizing and assessing varices.
• Abdominal Ultrasound with Doppler – Evaluates liver function and blood flow in the portal vein.
• CT or MRI Scan – Provides detailed imaging of the liver and surrounding veins.
• Liver Function Tests – Assesses liver damage and overall function.
• Capsule Endoscopy – A less invasive alternative for evaluating gastric varices.

Treatment for Esophageal and Gastric Varices

The treatment approach depends on the severity of varices and whether bleeding has occurred. At Emirates Hospitals Group, our specialists provide personalized treatment plans, including:

• Preventive Measures for Non-Bleeding Varices –

  • Beta-Blockers (Propranolol or Nadolol) – Reduce portal pressure and lower the risk of bleeding.
  • Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL) – Banding varices to prevent rupture.
  • Lifestyle Modifications – Managing liver disease through diet, alcohol avoidance, and regular monitoring.

• Emergency Treatment for Bleeding Varices –

  • Endoscopic Sclerotherapy – Injection of a solution to stop bleeding.
  • Balloon Tamponade – A temporary measure using a balloon device to control bleeding.
  • Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) – A procedure that redirects blood flow to reduce portal pressure.
  • Surgery (Shunt Procedures or Liver Transplantation) – In severe cases, surgical interventions may be required.

If you are at risk of or experiencing symptoms of esophageal or gastric varices, seeking expert care at Emirates Hospitals Group is crucial for early diagnosis, prevention, and life-saving treatment.

Related Treatments

• Portal Hypertension