The shoulder appears deformed – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Causes:

• Shoulder Dislocation: The most common cause of a visibly deformed shoulder. The humerus (upper arm bone) is displaced from the glenoid (shoulder socket). Usually caused by significant trauma.
• Fractures: Breaks in the clavicle (collarbone), humerus (upper arm bone), or scapula (shoulder blade) can lead to deformity, pain, and limited movement.
• AC Joint Separation: Injury to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, where the clavicle meets the shoulder blade, can cause deformity, pain, and tenderness at the top of the shoulder.
• Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Dislocation: Dislocation of the joint where the clavicle meets the sternum (breastbone) is less common but can also cause shoulder deformity.
• Congenital Deformities: Some individuals may be born with shoulder deformities, although these are less common.
• Tumors: While rare, tumors in the shoulder region can sometimes cause deformities.

Diagnosis:

• Physical Exam: Careful examination of the shoulder, noting the type of deformity, swelling, bruising, tenderness, range of motion, and any neurological symptoms (numbness, tingling, weakness).
• Patient History: Gathering information about the mechanism of injury (if any), the onset of the deformity, any other associated symptoms, and relevant medical history.
• Imaging:
  • X-rays: Essential to rule out fractures and dislocations.
  • CT Scan: May be used for more detailed evaluation of complex fractures or dislocations.
  • MRI: May be used to assess soft tissue injuries (ligaments, tendons) associated with the deformity.

Treatment:

• Shoulder Dislocation: Requires reduction (putting the humerus back into the socket). This is often done in the emergency room. Immobilization (sling) and physical therapy are needed after reduction.
• Fractures: Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture. May involve immobilization (sling, cast), surgery (internal fixation), or shoulder replacement in severe cases.
• AC Joint Separation: Treatment depends on the severity of the injury. May involve conservative management (sling, pain relief) or surgery.
• SC Joint Dislocation: Treatment may involve closed reduction or surgery.
• Congenital Deformities: Treatment will depend on the specific deformity and may involve observation, physical therapy, or surgery.
• Tumors: Treatment will depend on the type and stage of the tumor and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Important Considerations:

• Seek immediate medical attention for any suspected shoulder dislocation or fracture. These injuries require prompt treatment.
• Do not attempt to reduce a dislocated shoulder yourself. This should be done by a medical professional.
• Consult a healthcare professional for any shoulder deformity, even if it is not painful. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and to prevent complications.