Splenomegaly – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Splenomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. While often discovered incidentally, it can be a symptom of underlying health conditions.

Causes of Splenomegaly

Numerous factors can contribute to an enlarged spleen, including:

• Viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections can overburden the spleen, leading to enlargement.
• Conditions like cirrhosis, which increase pressure in the portal vein, can cause the spleen to swell.
• Disorders affecting red blood cells, such as hemolytic anemia or sickle cell disease, can strain the spleen.
• Leukemias, lymphomas, and other blood cancers can involve the spleen.
• Chronic inflammation from diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can affect the spleen.
• Reduced heart function can lead to blood pooling in the spleen.
• Growths within the spleen can cause enlargement.
• Injury to the spleen can result in temporary swelling.
• Rare metabolic conditions can cause substances to build up in the spleen.

Diagnosis of Splenomegaly

Determining the cause of splenomegaly is crucial for appropriate treatment. Diagnostic procedures may include:

• To detect an enlarged spleen during a routine check-up.
• Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualize the spleen and surrounding organs.
• To assess blood cell counts, liver function, and detect underlying conditions.
• In rare cases, a tissue sample from the spleen may be needed for analysis.

Treatment of Splenomegaly

Treatment for splenomegaly primarily involves addressing the underlying cause. This might include antibiotics for infections, medications for liver diseases, or cancer treatments. In some cases, managing symptoms or complications associated with the enlarged spleen may require additional medications. For severe anemia, blood transfusions might be necessary. If the spleen is causing significant problems or the underlying condition cannot be effectively treated, surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be considered.

Emirates Hospitals offers comprehensive care for patients with splenomegaly, providing accurate diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and ongoing management to improve patient outcomes.