Pain when swallowing or chewing – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Causes:

Several factors can trigger pain during these actions:

• Infections: Strep throat, tonsillitis, or other throat infections can cause pain when swallowing.
• Oral Thrush: A fungal infection in the mouth can make chewing and swallowing painful.
• Canker Sores: Small, painful ulcers in the mouth can make eating uncomfortable.
• Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders: Problems with the jaw joint can cause pain when chewing, sometimes radiating to the ears or temples.
• Dental Issues: Cavities, gum disease, or abscessed teeth can cause pain when chewing.
• Acid Reflux/GERD: Stomach acid backing up into the esophagus can cause pain or a burning sensation when swallowing.
• Esophageal Disorders: Conditions like esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus) or esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus) can make swallowing difficult and painful.
• Tumors: In rare cases, tumors in the mouth, throat, or esophagus can cause pain with chewing or swallowing.

Diagnosis:

A healthcare professional will typically diagnose the cause through:

• Physical Examination: Examining the mouth, throat, and jaw for any abnormalities.
• Patient History: Understanding the onset, duration, and nature of the pain, as well as any other symptoms.
• Swab Tests: To check for infections like strep throat or oral thrush.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to visualize the jaw, teeth, or esophagus if structural problems are suspected.
• Endoscopy: A procedure where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to visualize its lining.

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

• Antibiotics/Antifungals: For infections.
• Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications can help manage pain.
• Mouthwash/Gargles: For mouth sores or infections.
• Dental Treatment: For dental issues.
• Medications for Acid Reflux: To reduce stomach acid.
• Dilation: A procedure to widen a narrowed esophagus.
• Surgery: May be necessary for tumors or other structural problems.

It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for any persistent or severe pain when swallowing or chewing. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes. Difficulty breathing or severe throat swelling requires immediate medical attention.