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Muscle Atrophy – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Muscle Atrophy – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Muscle atrophy refers to the loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to weakness and reduced mobility. It can result from inactivity, nerve damage, or underlying medical conditions. Early intervention is essential to prevent further muscle loss and improve function.

Causes of Muscle Atrophy

Disuse Atrophy: Prolonged inactivity due to bed rest, injury, or a sedentary lifestyle can lead to muscle shrinkage.
Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and spinal cord injuries can cause nerve-related muscle wasting.
Aging (Sarcopenia): Natural muscle loss occurs with aging, particularly in individuals with low physical activity levels.
Malnutrition: Inadequate protein and nutrient intake can lead to muscle breakdown.
Chronic Diseases: Conditions like cancer, kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can contribute to muscle wasting.
Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or muscular dystrophy can lead to progressive muscle loss.

Diagnosis of Muscle Atrophy

Evaluation typically includes:

Physical Examination: Assessing muscle strength, size, and mobility.
Medical History: Reviewing symptoms, lifestyle habits, and underlying health conditions.
Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans to evaluate muscle mass and detect structural changes.
Electromyography (EMG): Assessing nerve function and muscle response.
Blood Tests: Checking for nutrient deficiencies, inflammatory markers, or underlying diseases.

Treatment for Muscle Atrophy

Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

Physical Therapy: Strength training and resistance exercises to rebuild muscle mass and improve function.
Nutritional Support: A high-protein diet and essential nutrients like vitamin D to support muscle health.
Medications: In some cases, treatment may include medications to address underlying conditions affecting muscle strength.
Electrical Stimulation Therapy: Used in severe cases to stimulate inactive muscles and prevent further deterioration.
Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and avoiding prolonged immobility can help prevent muscle loss.

If muscle atrophy is progressive or affects mobility, a consultation at Emirates Hospitals Group is recommended for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan.