Low Blood Pressure – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Low Blood Pressure – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Low blood pressure, or hypotension, occurs when blood pressure levels drop below the normal range, typically below 90/60 mmHg. While some individuals naturally have low blood pressure without symptoms, others may experience dizziness, fainting, or shock in severe cases. Persistent or sudden drops in blood pressure require medical evaluation.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure

• Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake or excessive sweating can reduce blood volume, leading to hypotension.
• Heart Conditions: Heart failure, arrhythmias, or valve disorders can impair circulation, causing low blood pressure.
• Endocrine Disorders: Conditions like Addison’s disease, hypothyroidism, or diabetes can affect blood pressure regulation.
• Blood Loss or Shock: Severe bleeding from injury or internal conditions can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure.
• Medications: Drugs such as diuretics, beta-blockers, or antidepressants may lower blood pressure as a side effect.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of vitamin B12 or folate can affect red blood cell production and lead to low blood pressure.
• Orthostatic Hypotension: A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, often due to aging, dehydration, or nerve disorders.

Diagnosis of Low Blood Pressure

Medical evaluation may include:

• Blood Pressure Measurements: Checking levels while sitting, lying, and standing to assess fluctuations.
• Blood Tests: Identifying underlying conditions such as anemia, hormonal imbalances, or dehydration.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Assessing heart rhythm and function.
• Echocardiogram: Imaging tests to detect heart-related issues.

Treatment for Low Blood Pressure

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Increasing Fluid and Salt Intake: Staying hydrated and adjusting sodium levels can help maintain blood pressure.
• Lifestyle Changes: Standing up slowly, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding prolonged standing can prevent sudden drops.
• Medication Adjustments: If medications are causing hypotension, doctors may modify dosages or prescriptions.
• Medications: In severe cases, drugs like fludrocortisone or midodrine may be prescribed to raise blood pressure.

If symptoms of low blood pressure persist or worsen, medical attention is recommended to prevent complications and ensure proper circulation.