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Loss of Smell or Reduced Sense of Smell – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Loss of Smell or Reduced Sense of Smell – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Loss of Smell or Reduced Sense of Smell – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Home / Loss of Smell or Reduced Sense of Smell – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Loss of Smell or Reduced Sense of Smell – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Loss of smell (anosmia) or a reduced sense of smell (hyposmia) affects the ability to detect odors, impacting taste and quality of life. It can result from infections, nasal blockages, or neurological conditions. Persistent smell loss may indicate an underlying health issue requiring medical evaluation.

Causes of Loss of Smell

  • Respiratory Infections: Viral infections like the common cold, flu, or COVID-19 can inflame nasal tissues, temporarily impairing smell.
  • Nasal Obstruction: Conditions such as nasal polyps, sinusitis, or a deviated septum can physically block airflow, reducing the ability to detect odors.
  • Neurological Disorders: Diseases like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or multiple sclerosis can damage the brain areas responsible for processing smells.
  • Head Trauma: Injury to the head or nose can damage olfactory nerves, leading to temporary or permanent smell loss.
  • Aging: Natural degeneration of olfactory receptors over time can gradually reduce the sense of smell.
  • Exposure to Chemicals or Medications: Certain medications, smoking, or long-term exposure to strong chemicals can impair olfactory function.

Diagnosis of Loss of Smell

Evaluation typically includes:

  • Physical Examination: Assessing nasal passages for obstructions or infections.
  • Smell Tests: Identifying the ability to detect and distinguish different odors.
  • Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans may be used to check for structural issues or brain abnormalities.
  • Blood Tests: To detect infections, vitamin deficiencies, or underlying health conditions.

Treatment for Loss of Smell

Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

  • Nasal Decongestants or Steroids: To reduce inflammation and clear nasal passages.
  • Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications: If an infection is responsible for smell loss.
  • Surgery: In cases of nasal polyps or structural blockages, surgical intervention may restore airflow.
  • Olfactory Training: A structured smell therapy using repeated exposure to different scents may help recover lost function.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Avoiding smoking and chemical irritants can protect and improve olfactory health.

If smell loss persists, a specialist consultation is recommended to explore further treatment options and address potential underlying conditions.

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