Food or Stomach Acid Backing Up into the Throat – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Food or Stomach Acid Backing Up into the Throat – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Overview

The sensation of food or stomach acid backing up into the throat is commonly known as acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This occurs when the stomach’s acidic contents flow backward into the esophagus, causing discomfort, irritation, or a burning sensation. In more severe cases, it can also result in difficulty swallowing or a sour taste in the mouth.

Causes

1. Weak Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) – The LES is a muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus. If it weakens or relaxes at inappropriate times, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, leading to reflux.
2. Hiatal Hernia – A condition where part of the stomach pushes upward into the chest through a hole in the diaphragm, which can disrupt the LES and increase reflux risk.
3. Obesity – Excess weight puts pressure on the stomach, which can cause the LES to weaken and lead to acid reflux.
4. Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus can increase the likelihood of reflux in pregnant women.
5. Dietary and Lifestyle Factors – Consuming large meals, spicy or fatty foods, caffeine, alcohol, or smoking can relax the LES and trigger acid reflux.
6. Medications – Certain medications like NSAIDs, aspirin, or blood pressure drugs can increase reflux by irritating the esophagus or relaxing the LES.

Diagnosis

1. Medical History & Physical Exam – A doctor will inquire about symptoms, lifestyle, and eating habits.
2. Endoscopy – A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to check for signs of damage or inflammation in the esophagus.
3. 24-hour pH Monitoring – A test that measures acid levels in the esophagus to assess the severity of acid reflux.
4. Barium Swallow – An X-ray exam that helps visualize the esophagus and identify abnormalities like a hiatal hernia.

Treatment Options

• Lifestyle Changes – Avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and not lying down immediately after eating can reduce reflux.
• Medications – Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can reduce stomach acid production and alleviate symptoms.
• Surgery – In severe cases or when medications don’t provide relief, a procedure like fundoplication may be performed to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux.

If acid reflux symptoms persist, it’s important to seek medical advice for diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications like esophageal damage.

Related Treatments

• Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)