Fluid Retention – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Fluid Retention – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Overview

Fluid retention, or edema, refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body’s tissues, often leading to swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, or abdomen. While it can be a temporary issue, chronic or severe fluid retention may indicate an underlying health problem that requires medical attention.

Causes

1. Dietary Factors – High salt intake can lead to fluid retention as excess sodium in the body draws water into tissues.
2. Hormonal Changes – Hormonal fluctuations related to menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause can cause fluid retention, especially in women.
3. Heart Conditions – Heart failure can impair the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lower extremities and abdomen.
4. Kidney Disorders – Chronic kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome can affect the kidney’s ability to remove excess sodium and water, leading to fluid buildup.
5. Liver Disease – Cirrhosis or other liver conditions can result in fluid retention due to low albumin levels, which help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
6. Venous Insufficiency – When veins in the legs are unable to effectively return blood to the heart, fluid can pool in the lower legs, leading to swelling.
7. Medications – Certain medications, such as steroids, calcium channel blockers, or NSAIDs, can cause fluid retention as a side effect.

Diagnosis

1. Medical History & Physical Exam – A doctor will ask about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors.
2. Blood Tests – To assess kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte balance.
3. Imaging – Ultrasound or CT scans may be used to check for issues like heart failure or liver disease.
4. Urine Tests – These can help detect kidney issues or fluid imbalances.

Treatment Options

• Dietary Changes – Reducing salt intake and increasing potassium-rich foods can help manage fluid retention.
• Diuretics – Medications that promote urine production can help reduce fluid buildup.
• Compression Garments – Wearing compression stockings can help reduce swelling in the legs.
• Addressing Underlying Conditions – Treating heart, kidney, or liver conditions is crucial for managing chronic fluid retention.

If fluid retention persists or worsens, it’s important to seek medical advice to identify and address the root cause.

Related Treatments

• Acute Kidney Disease