Fever – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Fever – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment at Emirates Hospitals Group

Overview

Fever is an elevation in body temperature above the normal range, often as a response to infection, inflammation, or other underlying conditions. It is a common symptom of many diseases and is typically a sign that the body is fighting an infection. While fever is usually not dangerous on its own, it can signal a serious condition if prolonged or accompanied by other symptoms.

Causes

1. Infections – Fever is most commonly caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, such as the flu, common cold, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections.
2. Inflammatory Conditions – Diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can cause the body to produce a fever due to immune system activity.
3. Heat-related Illnesses – Heatstroke or heat exhaustion can result in elevated body temperature due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
4. Medications – Certain medications, including antibiotics, antipsychotics, or immunizations, may cause fever as a side effect (known as drug fever).
5. Cancer – Some cancers, particularly lymphoma or leukemia, can cause persistent fevers as part of the disease process.
6. Teething in Children – Infants and toddlers may develop mild fevers when their teeth are coming in.

Diagnosis

1. Medical History & Physical Examination – A healthcare provider will evaluate recent symptoms, exposure to infections, and any potential underlying health conditions.
2. Blood Tests – Blood work can help identify infections, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions contributing to the fever.
3. Imaging – In certain cases, imaging (e.g., X-rays or CT scans) may be used to detect sources of infection or inflammation, such as pneumonia or an abscess.
4. Cultures – A sample of blood, urine, or other fluids may be cultured to identify a bacterial or viral infection.

Treatment Options

• Antipyretics – Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and alleviate discomfort.
• Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications – If a bacterial or viral infection is diagnosed, appropriate medications may be prescribed.
• Hydration and Rest – Keeping the body hydrated and getting sufficient rest can help manage fever and support recovery.
• Treating Underlying Conditions – If fever is caused by an autoimmune disorder or cancer, specific treatments to address the underlying condition will be necessary.

Fever usually resolves once the underlying cause is treated, but prolonged or very high fevers may require medical attention.

Related Treatments

• Sinusitis
• Gastroenteritis / Stomach Flu