Dry Mouth – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Causes of Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)

1. Medications: Dry mouth frequently results from the side effects of various medications, including antihypertensives, antidepressants, and antihistamines, which can hinder saliva production.

2. Systemic Diseases: Underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, Sjogren’s syndrome, and autoimmune disorders may contribute to dry mouth as part of their systemic impact on salivary glands.

3. Dehydration and Lifestyle Factors: Insufficient fluid intake, mouth breathing, and habits like smoking or excessive alcohol consumption can lead to dehydration, exacerbating dry mouth symptoms.

4. Nerve Damage: Conditions affecting the nerves controlling saliva production, such as nerve injuries, can result in reduced saliva flow and contribute to dry mouth.

5. Radiation Therapy: Patients undergoing head and neck radiation therapy may experience damage to salivary glands, causing persistent dry mouth as a side effect of the treatment.

6. Aging: Aging often leads to reduced saliva production, making older individuals more susceptible to dry mouth.

7. Stress and Anxiety: Psychological factors, including stress and anxiety, can influence saliva production, exacerbating dry mouth symptoms.

Addressing dry mouth involves identifying the underlying cause. Treatment options may include lifestyle adjustments, hydration, saliva-stimulating medications, or addressing the root cause of systemic conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation and tailored management plan.