Dry Eyes – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Dry Eyes – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment at Emirates Hospital Group

Dry eyes are a common ocular condition caused by a lack of lubrication and moisture. Causes range from environmental factors and aging to medical conditions like Sjogren’s Syndrome or medication side effects. Managing dry eyes may involve artificial tears, lifestyle adjustments, or prescribed treatments to alleviate discomfort and promote eye health.

Causes and Related Conditions of Dry Eyes

1. Environmental Factors: Dry eyes can result from exposure to windy or dry climates, high altitude, or extended periods of screen time, reducing the eye’s natural moisture.

2. Aging and Hormonal Changes: As individuals age, tear production often decreases. Hormonal changes, particularly in women during pregnancy or menopause, can contribute to dry eyes.

3. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as Sjogren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus are autoimmune disorders that may lead to dry eyes as the immune system attacks the tear-producing glands.

4. Medications: Certain medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants, can diminish tear production, resulting in dry eyes.

5. Eyelid Problems: Incomplete eyelid closure, often due to conditions like Bell’s palsy or ectropion, can lead to inadequate distribution of tears, causing dry eyes.

6. Contact Lens Wear: Prolonged use of contact lenses can contribute to dry eyes, particularly if lenses are not fitted properly or if individuals wear them for extended periods.

7. Allergies: Allergic reactions affecting the eyes, known as allergic conjunctivitis, can contribute to dryness by triggering inflammation and reducing tear production.

Addressing dry eyes involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause. Treatment options range from artificial tears and lifestyle adjustments to prescription medications or surgical interventions, depending on the severity and contributing factors. Seeking guidance from an eye care professional is essential for effective management.