Difficulty Swallowing – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, is a symptom that can result from various underlying causes and related conditions

Common Causes of Difficulty Swallowing

1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus can cause irritation and difficulty swallowing.
2. Esophageal Stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus due to scar tissue, often caused by chronic acid reflux, can obstruct the passage of food.
3. Achalasia: A disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, making it difficult for food to enter the stomach.
4. Esophageal Tumors: Benign or malignant growths in the esophagus can obstruct the passage and cause swallowing difficulties.
5. Neuromuscular Disorders: Conditions like muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can affect the muscles used for swallowing.
6. Stroke: Damage to the brain or nerves involved in swallowing can result in dysphagia.
7. Zenker’s Diverticulum: A pouch that forms in the throat can trap food and cause difficulty swallowing.
8. Pharyngeal or Esophageal Spasms: Uncontrolled muscle contractions in the throat or esophagus can lead to swallowing problems.
9. Medications: Some drugs can cause dry mouth or muscle weakness, contributing to dysphagia.
10. Infections: Conditions like thrush or candidiasis in the throat can make swallowing painful and difficult.