Black stool – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment at Emirates Hospital Group
Black stool, medically known as melena, can be a concerning symptom. It often indicates bleeding in the upper digestive tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine. The blood turns black as it’s digested, giving the stool a tarry appearance and foul odor.
Causes
- Peptic ulcers: Open sores in the stomach or duodenum lining.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining.
- Esophageal varices: Enlarged veins in the esophagus, often due to liver disease.
- Mallory-Weiss tear: A tear in the esophagus caused by forceful vomiting.
- Tumors: Cancerous or noncancerous growths in the digestive tract.
- Certain medications: Iron supplements, bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol), and activated charcoal can also cause black stool.
Diagnosis
A doctor will likely ask about your medical history, medications, and recent food intake. They may perform a physical exam, including a rectal exam. Stool tests can detect the presence of blood. Further tests, such as an upper endoscopy or colonoscopy, may be needed to pinpoint the source of bleeding.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. It may involve medications to treat ulcers or gastritis, endoscopic procedures to stop bleeding, or surgery in severe cases. If the black stool is due to medication, your doctor may adjust your dosage or recommend an alternative.
When to see a doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if you have black stool accompanied by:
- Vomiting blood
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Weakness or fatigue
- Shortness of breath
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