Medullary Breast Cancer

Medullary breast cancer treatment in Dubai at Emirates Hospitals Group. Medullary breast cancer is a rare and distinct subtype of invasive breast cancer, characterized by its specific histological features and a generally better prognosis compared to other types of breast cancer. This form of cancer often presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. At Emirates Hospitals Group, we are committed to providing comprehensive and compassionate care for our patients diagnosed with medullary breast cancer. With a team of the best breast surgeons in Dubai, we ensure that each patient receives personalized treatment tailored to their unique circumstances.

About Medullary Breast Cancer

Medullary breast cancer accounts for about 3-5% of all breast cancers and is classified as a type of invasive ductal carcinoma. The term “medullary” refers to the cancer’s characteristic appearance under the microscope, which resembles the medulla (the inner part) of the breast tissue. This subtype is notable for the following features:

• Histological Characteristics: Medullary breast cancer typically displays well-circumscribed margins, a high number of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), and a lack of desmoplastic stroma (the fibrous tissue that often surrounds tumors). This histological pattern can aid in distinguishing it from other types of breast cancer.
• Age and Demographics: Medullary breast cancer often occurs in younger women, with a median age of diagnosis around 45 years. It may also be more prevalent in individuals with a family history of breast cancer or those with BRCA1 mutations.
• Hormone Receptor Status: Most medullary breast cancers are hormone receptor-negative (both estrogen and progesterone receptors), which can influence treatment decisions.

Causes & Symptoms

At Emirates Hospitals Group, we are committed to providing comprehensive and compassionate care for our patients diagnosed with medullary breast cancer.

While the exact cause of medullary breast cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors can contribute to its development:

Risk Factors:

• Genetic Factors: Women with a family history of breast cancer or those carrying BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations are at increased risk.
• Age: The risk is higher in younger women, particularly those under 50.
• Hormonal Factors: Hormonal influences may play a role in the development of breast cancer, although medullary breast cancer is often hormone receptor-negative.

Symptoms of Medullary Breast Cancer:

• Lump or Mass: The most common symptom is a palpable mass in the breast, which may feel firm and irregular.
• Changes in Breast Appearance: Women may notice changes in breast shape or size, or skin dimpling.
• Nipple Discharge: Some individuals may experience discharge from the nipple, which could be clear or bloody.
• Pain: While not always present, some women may experience discomfort or pain in the breast.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of medullary breast cancer typically involves several steps, including:

1. Clinical Breast Examination: A healthcare professional will perform a thorough examination to assess any abnormalities or lumps.
2. Imaging Studies:

1. • Mammography: This is a standard screening tool that can help identify suspicious masses in the breast.
   • Ultrasound: Often used to further evaluate any abnormalities found during a mammogram or physical examination.
   • MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed images of the breast tissue and help assess the extent of the disease.

3. Biopsy: If a suspicious area is detected, a biopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis. This may include:

1. • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is used to extract a sample of cells from the suspicious area.
   • Core Needle Biopsy: A larger needle is utilized to obtain a more significant tissue sample for analysis.
   • Surgical Biopsy: In some cases, a surgical procedure may be performed to obtain tissue for diagnosis.

4. Pathological Evaluation: Once a biopsy is performed, the tissue sample is sent to a pathologist, who will examine it under a microscope to confirm the presence of medullary breast cancer and assess its characteristics.

Treatment

The treatment plan for medullary breast cancer is individualized based on several factors, including the tumor stage, hormone receptor status, and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options may include:

1. Surgery: The primary treatment for medullary breast cancer is surgical intervention, which can involve:

1. • Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumor along with a small margin of healthy tissue.
   • Mastectomy: Removal of one or both breasts, depending on the extent of the disease.

2. Radiation Therapy: Post-surgical radiation therapy may be recommended to eliminate any remaining cancer cells in the breast or surrounding tissues.
3. Chemotherapy: This systemic treatment may be advised, especially if the cancer is aggressive or has spread to lymph nodes.
4. Targeted Therapy: While medullary breast cancer is often hormone receptor-negative, targeted therapies may still play a role depending on specific molecular characteristics.
5. Clinical Trials: Patients may be eligible for clinical trials exploring new treatment options and therapies that could offer additional benefits.